Papel de EF-Tu en la interacción de pseudomonas aeruginosa con los queratinocitos humanos

Resumo

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible of a wide range of infections including acute and chronic respiratory infections and wound burn infections. In a previous study, we used specific antibodies to detect the presence of the phosphorylcholine epitope on the bacterial surface linked to the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu). We identified the gene eftM (Elongation Factor Tu Modifying enzime) as the responsible of the modification of EF-Tu with phosphorylcholine. In addition, we demonstrated that this epitope is crucial for initial colonization of the respiratory tract by P. aeruginosa and for development of pneumonia. In this Thesis we have investigated the contribution of the phosphorylcholine in the interaction of P. aeruginosa with the human epidermic keratinocytes and in the burn wound infections caused by this pathogen. Research: A tandem mass spectrometry analysis was choosen to compare recombinant EF-Tu purified from a clinical isolate and from an isogenic eftM deficient mutant. Comparative analysis shown that the product of eftM, is a methyltransferase (EftM) that transfers three methyl groups to the lysine residue 5 of EF-Tu resulting in a chemical structure similar to phosphorylcholine. Through a combination of approaches, including sub-cellular fractionation, electronic microscopy and immunological techniques, we demonstrated that EftM trymethylates EF-Tu in the cytoplasm, which is subsequently transported to the outer membrane, leaving the trimethylated residue 5 exposed outwards. Invasion and transmigration experiments with cultured human polarized keratinocytes infected with the wild-type strain or the eftM mutant demonstrated that the trimethylation of EF-Tu mediates the migration of P. aeruginosa through the epithelial barrier. Accordingly, the wild-type strain increased the paracellular permeability and reduced the expression of ZO-1, a key protein for the integrity of the epithelial barrier, more efficiently than the mutant. An antagonist of the platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) reduced the invasion and transmigration of the wild type strain but had no effect on the mutant suggesting that PAFR on the keratinocytes mediates the interaction with the modified EF-Tu. However, reduction of ZO-1 is not directly due to the interaction EF-Tu-PAFR, but is due to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB induced by P. aeruginosa. Finally, we demonstrated the mutation of eftM impaired the virulence and the dissemination capacity of P. aeruginosa in murine model of wound burn infection. Conclusions: We have identified the gen eftM, encoding a novel methyltransferase, which links three methyl groups to the lysine residue 5 of EF-Tu. EftM is conserved and widely distributed among different species and is sufficient and necessary to methylate EF-Tu in P. aeruginosa and other heterologous systems. EF-Tu is on the outer membrane exposing the N-terminal trimethylated region outward. Trimethylation of EF-Tu promotes invasion and transmigration of the microorganisms via PAFR. Activation of NF-κB by P. aeruginosa induces the reduction of ZO-1 and increase the paracellular permeability of the epithelial barrier. Mutation of eftM reduces the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a murine model of wound burn infection. This opens up new avenues for the development of new drugs targeting this new methyltransferase.