Cinemática y cinética del pie y su relación con el rendimiento y las lesiones en atletas de resistencia

Abstract

INTRODUCTlON. Foot's centre of pressure trajectory analysis plays a fundamental role in establishing the biomechanical parterns (1). Although walking and running biomechanics have been widely investigated (2, 3, 4), further studies have not been undertaken on the evaluation of these parameters at a personalised speed on the basis of a maximal running test. METHODS.48 moderately trained participants were divided into 3 groups, according to running perfonnance: highly-trained runners (HTR), middle-lrained runners (MTR), and control (CON). Participants were assessed in: anthropometric characteristics, maximum aerobic speed (MAS), walking and running at individualised speed (i.e. 55% of the threshold speed between walking and running and 85% of MAS, respectively) in both barefoot and shod conditions, in arder to study the initial foot contact (IFC) and CoPT. S.me type of runnmg shoes wlth homogeneous lacing pattern was worn, and the biomechanical analysis order was randomised. Be~een-group and biomechanical conditions differences were tested via analysis of varlance (ANOVA). The significance level was set al 0.05. RESULTS. HTR reached a higher MAS than MTR and CON. Further, MTR got a higher MAS than CON. Time percentage of a total foot roll-over (FRO) when walking barefool, comp.red to shod candition, was shorter in the transition fram heel contact to first rnetalarsal contact, and from heel off to push off in all groups. Total time for FRO when running barefoot was quicker compared to shod condition in all groups. The prevalence of forefoot IFe when running in both barefoot and shod conditions was higher in HTR (44.4% and 38.9%, respectively) than in MTR (33.3% and 26.7%, respectlvely) and CON (13.3% and 0%, respectively). DISCUSSION. Our results show that forefoot lFC becomes more evident when the athlete's performance increases, as prevlously demonstrated (4). The shorter duration of FRO in the barefoot compared to shod running condition could be due to a more natural and anterior IFC. Therefore, according to previous studies (2, 3), running shoes might determine walking and running biomechanics in trained endurance runners.