Características clínicas, complicaciones secundarias y apoyos en personas con lesión medular traumática en Asturias

  1. Rodríguez Alonso, Andrea 1
  2. Oltra Rodríguez, Enrique 2
  1. 1 Servicio de Salud Principado de Asturias
  2. 2 Profesor de la Facultad de Enfermería de Gijón
Revista:
Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

ISSN: 1695-6141

Ano de publicación: 2020

Título do exemplar: #60 Octubre

Volume: 19

Número: 4

Páxinas: 322-348

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.6018/EGLOBAL.421941 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Outras publicacións en: Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sustentable

Resumo

Background and objective: Traumatic spinal cord injury is a supervening and often devastating event due to functional loss, secondary complications and lack of curative treatment. It is posed as a personal, health and social challenge. The objective of the study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and support characteristics of people with traumatic spinal cord injury in the Principality of Asturias.Materials and method: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population comprised people with traumatic spinal cord injury admitted for any reason at the Central University Hospital of Asturias from January 1, 2005 to January 31, 2015.Results: The number of cases was 92. 76.9% were men. The average age was 48.5 years old and the average age when the injury occurred was 40.2 years old. The most frequent causes were accidents: traffic, labor and fortuitous. The most frequent type of injury: according to limb involvement, paraplegia with 38.5%; according to the extension, the incomplete lesion with 52.6%; according to the neurological level, the dorsal lesion with 45.4% and according to the classification scale of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), the ASIA A lesion with 50.7%. As most frequent secondary complications: 68.7% have neurogenic bladder, 60.2% neurogenic bowel, 46.5% pressure ulcers, 46.4% spasticity and 30.1% neuropathic pain.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of secondary complications in spinal cord injury, being necessary to join efforts in the prevention and treatment of them.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • (1) Montoto A, Ferreiro M, Rodríguez A. Manual SERMEF de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física. Médica. 2006;505–19.
  • (2) Wyndaele M, Wyndaele J. Review Incidence , prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury : what learns a worldwide literature survey ? 2006;523–9.
  • (3) Huete García A, Díaz Velázquez E. Análisis sobre la lesión medular en España. Informe de Resultados. 2009. 109 p.
  • (4) Álvarez Pérez MJ. Lesión medular traumática en Asturias : 80 años de historia [tesis doctoral] Oviedo: Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Oviedo; 2015.
  • (5) Bárbara-Bataller E, Méndez-Suárez JL, Alemán-Sánchez C, Ramírez-Lorenzo T, Sosa-Henríquez M. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Gran Canaria. Neurocirugia [Internet]. 2017;28(1):15–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2016.08.002
  • (6) Esclarín de Ruz A. Lesión medular. Enfoque multidisciplinario. Editorial Médica Panamericana. 2009.
  • (7) Henao-lema CP, Pérez-Parra JE. Lesiones medulares y discapacidad : revisión bibliográfica. Aquichan. 2010;10:157–72.
  • (8) Sebastià-Alcácer V, Alcanyis-Alberola M, Giner-Pascual M G-PF. Are the characteristics of the patient with a spinal cord injury changing ? Spinal Cord. 2014;52(September 2013):29–33.
  • (9) Chen Y, Tang Y, Allen V, Devivo MJ. Fall-induced spinal cord injury : External causes and implications for prevention. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016;39(1):24–31.
  • (10) Montoto-Marqués A, Ferreiro-Velasco ME, Salvador-De La Barrera S, Balboa-Barreiro V, Rodriguez-Sotillo A, Meijide-Failde R. Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Galicia, Spain: trends over a 20-year period. Spinal Cord [Internet]. 2017;55(6):588–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sc.2017.13
  • (11) Berg M Van Den, Castellote JM, Mahillo-fernandez I, Pedro-Cuesta J. Incidence of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Aragón, Spain (1972-2008). J Neurotrauma. 2011;28(March):469–77.
  • (12) Mental-SESPA U de C del PM de S. Protocolo de detección y manejo de caso en personas con riesgo de suicidio. 2018.
  • (13) Stillman MD, Barber J, Burns S, Williams S, Hoffman JM. Complications of Spinal Cord Injury Over the First Year After Discharge From Inpatient Rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil [Internet]. 2020;98(9):1800–5. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.12.011
  • (14) Atkinson RA, Cullum NA. Interventions for pressure ulcers: a summary of evidence for prevention and treatment. Spinal Cord. 2018;56(3):186–98.
  • (15) Nogueira PC, Caliri MHL, Haas VJ. Profile of patients with spinal cord injuries and occurrence of pressure ulcer at a university hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2006;14(3):372–7.
  • (16) Verschueren JHM, Post MWM, De Groot S, Van Der Woude LHV, Van Asbeck FWA, Rol M. Occurrence and predictors of pressure ulcers during primary in-patient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Spinal Cord. 2011;49(1):106–12.
  • (17) Scheel-Sailer A, Wyss A, Boldt C, Post MW, Lay V. Prevalence, location, grade of pressure ulcers and association with specific patient characteristics in adult spinal cord injury patients during the hospital stay: A prospective cohort study. Spinal Cord. 2013;51(11):828–33.
  • (18) Lala D, Dumont FS, Leblond J, Houghton PE, Noreau L. Impact of pressure ulcers on individuals living with a spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(12):2312–9.
  • (19) Di Prinzio MF, Argento FJ, Barbalaco L, Cazurro ME, Correa CS, Schwab MF, et al. Factores de riesgo para la aparición y/o recurrencia de úlceras por presión en sujetos con lesión medular: revisión sistemática. Rev Fac Cienc Med Cordoba. 2019;76(4):242–56.
  • (20) Correa GI, Fuentes M, Gonzalez X, Cumsille F, Pin JL. Predictive factors for pressure ulcers in the ambulatory stage of spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord. 2006;44:734–9.