Documento de consenso sobre asma y tabaquismo del Foro Autonómico de Asma de la SEPAR

  1. Francisco Javier Álvarez-Gutiérrez 1
  2. Marina Blanco-Aparicio 2
  3. Jaime Signes-Costa Miñana 3
  4. Esther Pastor-Esplá 4
  5. Juan Luis García-Rivero 5
  6. José Gregorio Soto-Campos 6
  7. Francisco Javier Callejas-González 7
  8. Pedró José Romero-Palacios 8
  9. Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda 9
  10. Carlos A. Jiménez-Ruiz 10
  1. 1 Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla
  2. 2 Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña
  3. 3 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia
  4. 4 Hospital Universitario San Juan De Alicante, Sant Joan d’Alacant, Alicante.
  5. 5 Hospital Comarcal de Laredo, Laredo, Cantabria
  6. 6 Hospital de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera
  7. 7 Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete.
  8. 8 Universidad de Granada, Granada
  9. 9 Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres
  10. 10 Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid.
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Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 35

Número: 1

Páginas: 67-84

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Resumen

La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo en adultos con asma es similar a la de la población general. El tabaquismo se asocia con un peor control clínico de la enfermedad, una disminución acelerada de la función pulmonar y una respuesta irregular a la terapia con glucocorticoides. El consumo de tabaco impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes asmáticos y provoca un incremento en el número de visitas y de hospitalizaciones por exacerbaciones. Además, el tabaquismo aumenta el riesgo de cáncer de pulmón, comorbilidades cardiovasculares y muerte en pacientes asmáticos. A pesar de todo ello, las guías actuales del manejo del asma no incluyen recomendaciones específicas para el manejo de los pacientes asmáticos fumadores. Por este motivo, se procedió a una revisión narrativa de la literatura para un consenso mediante metodología de grupo nominal desarrollada a lo largo del año 2019 para extraer recomendaciones prácticas que permitieran mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del asma en fumadores, así como el tratamiento del tabaquismo en asmáticos. Las conclusiones y recomendaciones fueron validadas en el congreso nacional de la SEPAR del mismo año. Entre las más relevantes, se incidió en la necesidad de abordar el tabaquismo en las personas con asma mediante consejo sanitario, tratamiento farmacológico y terapia conductual, al ser un factor que impacta negativamente en la sintomatología, el pronóstico y la respuesta al tratamiento del asma. En el fumador con sospecha de asma, se debe evaluar la presencia de enfisema y el diagnóstico diferencial de otras enfermedades y considerar el impacto del tabaquismo en el resultado de las pruebas diagnósticas. También se concluye que el hábito tabáquico reduce la respuesta al tratamiento con corticoides inhalados, por lo que se recomienda terapia combinada con broncodilatadores.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet