Enfermedades reumáticas en la adolescencia. Artritis idiopática juvenil. Conectivopatías
- Garulo, D. Clemente
- Mateos, L. León
- Robledillo, J.C. López
ISSN: 0304-5412
Ano de publicación: 2018
Serie: 12
Número: 61
Páxinas: 3588-3600
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
Resumo
La artritis idiopática juvenil (AIJ) y especialmente las conectivopatías son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades poco frecuentes en la adolescencia. Son enfermedades ocasionadas por la inflamación de diversas estructuras corporales debido a una desregulación del sistema inmune. Los síntomas y signos pueden ser inespecíficos y aparecer durante el transcurso de semanas o meses. Mientras que en la artritis idiopática juvenil predomina la afectación articular, la presencia de una afectación en múltiples órganos sin una causa aparente asociada a ciertas manifestaciones clínicas específicas (exantema malar, pápulas de Gottron, fenómeno de Raynaud, esclerodactilia) debe hacer sospechar una conectivopatía. El diagnóstico se establece mediante una combinación de criterios clínicos y analíticos, como la presencia de anticuerpos antinucleares, factor reumatoide o marcadores genéticos como el HLA B27. Es importante iniciar un tratamiento adecuado lo antes posible, en el que se incluya el uso de corticoides, fármacos inmunosupresores y tratamientos biológicos. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and particularly connective pathologies are a heterogeneous group of diseases that are rare in adolescence.
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