Programa de apoyo y asesoramiento para familias con enfermo crónico y su repercusión en la gestión del proceso de hemodiálisis

Abstract

Introduction: The hemodialysis (HD) process involves an important degree of stress, not only for the patient but also for the family. The available data suggests that the quality of the family’s performance predicts the degree of commitment that the patient acquires with the dialysis center. The establishment of a program of multiple family discussion groups allows exploring the effect of the treatment on the patient in their context and not only regarding the illness, but also regarding the quality of life related to health, satisfaction and functional state. Objective: After the startup in our hospital of the multiple family discussion group for patients with chronic medical illness (MFDG), the objective of this work is to evaluate its repercussions over the therapeutic fulfillment, the quality of life and the expectations of the patients in the chronic HD program, through the assessment of these indicators before and after their participation in this group. Patients and method: The MFDG was performed with the families of 4 patients, a total of 8 people, in the chronic HD program. Six weekly one-and-a-half hour sessions are performed and structured according to the following general contents: chronic illness impact component (2 sessions), family development component (3 sessions) and family-illness integration component (1 session). Results: Although no objectives were made for changes in relation to the therapeutic fulfillment, the average auto-effectiveness, locus of control, success and family general expectations went up slightly after the participation in the MFDG. The average specific self-effectiveness and family expectations in the presence of the illness reflected a modest increase, while the specific expectations of control locus and success in the presence of the illness decreased slightly. The scores obtained regarding the general state of health reflected a small decrease, while the evaluation of the quality of life of patients and family members showed a slight increase. Conclusions: We can conclude in the first place highlighting the viability of the MFDG, since no impediments were found to recruit the families of the participants or to prevent their excellent participation in the beginning, as well as through the course of the group. Although no objectives were made for changes in relation to the therapeutic fulfillment, the high indices of satisfaction with the group obtained indicate that this is useful for the patients to find more support in their families, to change their view of the illness, to learn from other families new ways to resolve the difficulties and to increase their perception of capacity in the presence of the illness. The obtained data are preliminary and derived from only 4 families, but encouraging as far as the improvement in the quality of life and the adjustment of the participants to the illness. Studies with inclusion of more families are still pending in order to be able to arrive at conclusions based on a greater empirical basis. The records of MFDG for the families of HD patients are scarce. With this work it is attempted to reveal that this type of groups can be applied with these patients and their families, and they seem to prove beneficial for all those involved: patients, family and sanitation personnel.